HMARCHA VEN NANA IPM

II. HMARCHA TICHHETU THLITHLAI

1. Agro Eco System Analysis (AESA)

      Hmundangah chipchiar zawkin AESA chu tarlan a ni.

2. Hmarcha hmun tlawh thuak thuak

     A khat tawkin loneituten an hmarcha hmun an tlawh anga, eng ang rannungin nge hmarcha chu ei, eng natna in nge hmarcha chu tlak buak tih leh eng ang rannung tha nge hmarcha hmunah chuan awm tih te an thli thlai tur a ni. Hmarcha hmun tlawh vang hian rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi loneituten an hman tlem phah thei a ni.

3. Pheromone thang:

     Hmarcha hnah eitu pangang (Spodoptera litura) leh hmarcha rah khertu pangang (Heliothis armigera) thlahtu, lungphur thlahtu chi hnih man nan Pheromone thang hman tur a awm tawh a ni. Heng pangang thlahtu, lungphur thlahtu hi hmarcha hmuna a awm leh awm loh hriat nan hectare khatah a chuklakin hmun 5-ah pheromone thang kam tur a ni a, thang inhlat zawng chu 5 metre ni se, hmarcha kung aia sangah thang chu khai tur a ni . Rimtui hmanga rannung a hipna bawm "Lure" chu ni 15-25 danah a tharin thlak zel tur a ni. Nitin thang a tang lungphur thlahtu chu lak chhuaha, vuakhlum tur ani. Hmarcha hnah eitu pangang leh a rah khertu pangang hlauhawm zawng ETL chu pangang thlahtu, lungphur thlahtu chu nitin 8-10 pheromone thanga kan man chuan a hlauhawm chin a thleng tihna a ni.

4. Thlengdar eng leh puanban

     Rannung te tak te te man nan, hectare khatah thleng dar eng, a chhung lam tel/grease a nuai mawm, hmun 10-ah a chuklakin dah tur a ni. Hetiang deuh bawk hian Puanban hmun 10-ah thlun tur a ni, a tul dan azirin thlak tur ani.

5. Thlai rulhut

      Hmarcha kung thang theilo chu pawt ila, a zung chu a piangsual a, a bawk thluah a, lei hi a zung tipiangsualtu (root knot nematode) rulhut vang a ni a, a zung chu a bawlhhlawhin a tenawm bawk a, hei hi rulhut chi dang (reniform nematode) vang a ni. Hmarcha zungah chuan heng thlai rulhut tui bawm (egg sac) hi a bet nge bet lo tih fiah nan hmarcha zung chu bawlhlo chi khat 'Trypan Blue Stain" ah chiah tur a ni. Thlai rulhut tui a awm chuan a rawng a pawl anga, hmarcha zung erawh chu a rawng a danglam lo ang.

III. HMARCHA VEN NANA IPM HMANTURTE

1. Loneitu thiam sa

     (1) Hmarcha chi tha, thar hlawk, natna hrik laka flhlim, rannung leh natna do thei tur chauh chin tur a ni. Hmarcha hmun turah chuan amaha tiak hmarcha kung awmsa a awm chuan pawha, halral tur a ni. Hmarcha kung hrisel chauh phunsawn tur a ni.

     (2) A kung vuai leh thi natna a tlem theih nan hmarcha chin zawhah French Bean chin tur a ni. Hmarcha chin zawhah Vaimim, faisa chin leh hmarcha kara Derhken, purunsen leh purun var chin hian thlai rulhut a tlem phah a ni.

     (3) Leia awm natna hrik Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia etc. laka hmarcha tiak a him theih nan hmarcha kuina (nursery bed) chu khap khat vela sanga pawnga siam tur a ni.

     (4) Hmarcha kuina (nursery bed) a natna hrik, hnim chi (seeds) leh thlai rulhut suat nan hmarcha chi theh hmain lei cheh phut tawh chu sarang lang tlang thei (a chhah zawng 60-100 gauge)-a khuh tur a ni. Saranga khuh hmain lei chu leihhnawn tur a ni. Sarang sir/ tlang chu leia chhilh phui tlat tur a ni. Nisain a em chuan a chhunga tuihu chu a lo sa ang a, chu chuan leia awm thil nung chi hrang hrang chu a tihlum dawn a ni. Tuiso-a leih ang mai a lo ni dawn a ni.

     (5) Nipui laia lei lehphut hian leia awm natna hrik, thlairulhut, rannung leh hnim zung a pho chhuaka, nisain a em hlum thei a ni.

     (6) Thlai kung hlui, a bul hlui leh a hnah hlui te senghawia hal ral tur, natna hrik leh thlai rulhut suat dan tha tak a ni.

     (7) A hun takah, tha taka lei lehphut saah, a inhlat zawng dik takah tiak hrisel phun tur a ni. Fertilizer pawh a mamawh zat dik tak pek tur a ni. Hmarcha tiak hrisel phun chu tha taka a than phawt chuan natna pawh a do thei nge nge a, hnim aiin a thang chak zawk bawk a ni.

2. Hmanraw dang hman

     (1) Rannung tui, pangang, leh rannung chi hrang hrang vai a, vuak hlum tur a ni. Zing, dai hul hma hian pangang leh rannung an che chang chak lo a, man a awl duh.

     (2) Pangangin a eichhiat leh a kher hmarcha zik leh a rah chu lakkhawma, hal ral tur a ni.

     (3) A hma a kan tarlan tawh thleng dar eng, a chhung lam tel/grease a nuaimawm chu rannung te tak te te man nan hectare khatah a chuklakin hmun 10-ah hun tur a ni. Hetiang bawk hian hmun 10-ah tho Puanban thlun tur a ni.

     (4) Pangang chi hnih Heliothis armigera leh Spodoptera litura thlahtu, lungphur thlahtu hmarcha hmuna an awm leh awm loh hriat nan hectare khatah hmun 5 ah Pheromone thang kam tur a ni.

     (5) Hmarcha tiak phunsawn atanga kar 4-6 chhung chu fai taka hnim thlawh tur ni.

3. Rannung tangkai leh thil nung tha hman

(1) Humhalh

     (a) Hmarcha hmunah rannung tangkai tak tak a awmsa teuh entirnan- Hmarcha zik no dawttu hrik (Aphids) eitu te chu Aphidius sp, Aphelinus sp, Erytoma sp, Asphondylia sp etc.

     (b) Heng bakah hian hmarcha eichhetu rannung, chaw atana mana, ei thin rannung tha leh tangkai tam tak a awm a, Chung te chu - Khuavanglamdar, Daidep, Daidepria, Maimawm, Syrphids, Carabids, Staphylinids, thlangdar tangkai (Miridbugs, Pentatomids, Nabid bugs, Reduvid bugs, Anthocorid bugs, Geocorid bugs), Maimawmte rannung dawt chi etc.

     (c) Heng rannung tha te hian rannung thahna hlo an huat ve tho avangin apawng atakin kah mai mai löh tur a ni.

     (d) Hmarcha hmun hual vel leh bial kotlangah heng rannung tangkai te inthlahpun nan behlawi leh be lam chi chin a tangkai hle a ni.

     (e) Sava fukna, kraws anga Siam, mau or thing, hectare khatah a chuklakin hmun hrang hrang ah 50 phun tur a ni. Sava hian pangang leh rannung dang an lo chuk dawn a ni.

(2) Khawi puna, hmarcha hmuna rannungtha chhuah

     (a) Hmarcha hmuna hectare khatah pangang suat nan Trichogramma brasiliensis or T.chilonis, 50,000 chhuah tur a ni, a kuhmum hun atanga chhuah tanin hetiang zat hi kar tin tum 6 chhuah tur a ni.

     (b) Hmarcha hmun hectare khatah Chelonus blackburni or Copidosoma koehleri, 15,000 a kuhmum atanga chhuah tan tur a ni, kar tin tum 6 chhuah tur a ni.

     (c) Hmarcha hmunah, Chrysoperla carnea chu lungphur thlahtu (H.armigera) tui leh a hrik (aphids) suattu atan chhuah tur a ni a, hmarcha kung khatah rannungtha pangang 2 zel chhuah tur a ni.

(3) Hrik tha hman

     (a) Hmarcha a kuhmum atangin hrik tha Helicoverpa NPV chu tum thum kah tur a ni a, hectare khatah 250LE pangang suat nan kah tur a ni.

     (b) Pangang suat nan Bacillus thuringiensis var Kurstaki chu hectare khatah 500gm kah tur a ni @1ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh a kah tur a ni.

     (c) Leiah leh thlaichi a natna hrik awm laka vennan, tuh hmain hmarcha chi 1kg leh Trichoderma viride or T hårzianum @4gm nuaipawlh tur a ni.

(4) Neem atanga siam rannung thahna hlo hman

     (a) Rannung suat nan (hmarcha hnah leh a zik an ei duh loh nan) neem rah mu densawm tui (NSKE) @5ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlhin hmarcha chu kah tur a ni.

     (b) Lei lehphut tawh hnu, hmarcha phun dawnah, thlai rulhut suat nan, hectare khatah neem cake 200kg chu hmarcha hmunah vawm darh tur a ni.

4. Rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi hman

     (1) Rannung thahnahlo leh natna damdawi hi a tul tawpkhawkah lo chuan kah loh tur a ni. Hmarcha eichhetu rannung in a hlauhawm chin ETL a pel a nih chuan rannung thahna hlo hlauhawm lutuk lo chi chu awmze neiin kah tur a ni.

     (2) Hmarcha hnah val (Alternaria solani) ven nan Mancozeb @ 3gm leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh kah tur a ni.

     (3) Hmarcha vuai leh thi natna laka ven nan lei lehphut vek tawh, hmarcha phunna tur, hectare khatah bleaching powder 15kg theh darh tur a ni.

     (4) Hmarcha tuihnang dawttu rannung leh thlai rulhut suat nan Carbofuran 3G, hectare khatah 15kg theh darh tur a ni.

     (5) Rannung suat nan Dimethoate @ 2ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh kah tur a ni. A awm loh chuan Quinalphos 25EC @ 3ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh kah tur a ni.

     (6) Hmarcha hmun, lei lehphut vek tawh hnu, hmarcha phun hma leh hnim la tiah/to hmain hnim tur Pendimethalin @4ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh kah tur a ni.

     (7) Hmarcha kuina thehtiah (nursery bed) ah hmarcha chi theh hma lawkin Carbofuran 3G theh thet thet tur a ni.

     (8) Hmarcha/zik/kir/hnah kir hi virus natna a ni a, a thehdarhtu chu rannung te tak te, a tuihnang dawttu ho hi a ni. Hetiang rannung hi an tam chuan a tul dan azirin hmarcha par thleng in tum 3/4 a hmaa tarlan tawh rannung thahna hlo hi kah tur a ni.

IV. HMARCHA THANLEN DAN ANG ZELA IPM HMAN TURTE

V. IPM-A HMARCHA VEN CHUNGCHANGA TIHTUR LEH TIHLOH TURTE